Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt Jun 2026

Reflects acute malnutrition (current starvation or severe illness).

Teaching caregivers about balanced diets using locally available, affordable ingredients.

You describe a child with Kwashiorkor. The imagery is striking. The child has a swollen belly (ascites) and puffy legs (edema). They look like a paradox—fat, but they are dying. You explain this is due to low plasma protein (albumin), causing fluid to leak into tissues. Their hair turns a reddish-orange color, and they have skin lesions. This is often triggered by a diet high in carbs but extremely low in protein.

Reflects chronic malnutrition (long-term dietary deficit or recurrent illness). 3. Etiology: Primary vs. Secondary Causes Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt

It is often referred to as "starvation" or "under-nutrition" and usually includes simultaneous deficiencies in multiple micronutrients.

While frequently associated with young children, it is a significant issue in hospitalized patients and the elderly. 2. Types of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PPT Slide 3-4)

Avoid standard IV fluids unless in shock; use specialized low-sodium oral rehydration solution (ReSoMal). The imagery is striking

Rare; skin is dry, loose, and wrinkled.

You return to the final slide. It summarizes the message: PEM is preventable and treatable. The "Empty Plate" is a problem we have the tools to solve.

PEM is traditionally categorized into three primary clinical forms based on the nature of the deficiency: You explain this is due to low plasma

: Edema (swelling), distended "pot belly," fatty liver, skin changes (flaky-paint dermatitis), and poor appetite. Main Feature : Severe deficiency of both calories and protein [1, 15].

The presence of fluid retention (edema) separates this from general marasmus. C. Marasmic-Kwashiorkor

Persistent diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, measles, malaria, and HIV drastically increase nutrient demands while reducing appetite and absorption. Underlying Causes

Regained appetite, loss of edema, weight gain > 5g/kg/day.

Commonly occurs in infants under 1 year of age.