Rules regarding Examination-in-Chief, Cross-Examination, and Re-Examination. Why Download Qanoon-e-Shahadat in Urdu PDF? Accurate Legal Terminology
ایل ایل بی کے بہت سے طلباء امتحانات اردو زبان میں دیتے ہیں۔ ان کے لیے دفعات کے مفہوم کو باریک بینی سے سمجھنے کے لیے اردو گائیڈز اور پی ڈی ایف کتب بنیادی ضرورت ہیں۔
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High-quality Urdu law books reference judgements from the PLD, SCMR, and CLC. Look for PDFs authored by renowned legal scholars like Justice (R) Khalil-ur-Rehman Khan or other established local legal publishers. Digital Safety Tips When Downloading Legal PDFs
یہ نیا قانون بنیادی طور پر پرانے ایویڈنس ایکٹ 1872 کی ہی ایک ترمیم شدہ شکل ہے، لیکن اس میں اسلامی اصولوں اور فقہہ کے مطابق اہم تبدیلیاں شامل کی گئی ہیں، خاص طور پر گواہ کی اہلیت اور شہادت کے نصاب کے حوالے سے۔ قانونِ شہادت کی بنیادی ساخت
The law of evidence continuously adapts to technology. Ensure your PDF includes modern updates regarding electronic evidence, cybercrimes, DNA profiling, and video-link testimonies under Article 164.
Cross-verify the Urdu translated articles with the official English text provided on government websites (like the National Assembly of Pakistan or Pakistan Code) to ensure no translation errors misguide your research.
Despite this objective, legal scholars note that approximately 95% of the 1984 Order is a reproduction of the 1872 Act. The significant changes are primarily found in Article 3 (Interpretation) and specific clauses regarding the number and nature of witnesses (Article 17).
| Article | Subject | |---------|---------| | 7 | Facts which need not be proved (judicial notice) | | 17 | Admission | | 21 | Confession | | 25 | Dying declaration (Bayaniya ba-waqt-e-marg) | | 61 | Proof of documents | | 71–79 | Presumptions | | 129–130 | Competency of witnesses | | 134 | Number of witnesses (Islami taqazon ke tahat) |
Most available Urdu PDFs are translations of the original 166 Articles. They are generally categorized into two types: Bare Act Translations:
During the Islamisation process under General Zia-ul-Haq, the Pakistan Law Commission examined the Evidence Act 1872 and proposed a revised version. After considerable debate, the Commission’s view prevailed, and the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984 was promulgated, officially replacing the British‑era Evidence Act. However, it is important to note that the new Order was not a complete break from the past; many provisions of the 1872 Act that were not repugnant to Islam were retained. Consequently, Pakistani courts continue to draw upon the large body of case law that developed under the old Act, giving the law a degree of flexibility and continuity.
Documentary evidence is further divided into (the original document) and secondary evidence (certified copies, photostat copies, etc.). The Order lays down detailed rules about when secondary evidence can be admitted, for example, when the original document has been lost or destroyed.
host various Urdu translations and commentaries by legal experts like Mir Siyadat Ali Khan. Usool-e-qanoon Shahadat V. 2 : Khan, Mir Siyadat Ali Tr.
قانونِ شہادت آرڈر 1984 کا تاریخی پس منظر
Other useful Urdu resources include:
Qanun-e-Shahadat recognises two main types of evidence:
The Order also protects certain categories of communications from being disclosed in court. For example, communications between a lawyer and client, between spouses, and certain official communications are and cannot be compelled as evidence. Additionally, the court has the power to protect vulnerable witnesses, including child witnesses, who may require special consideration.
The law applies to all judicial proceedings in Pakistan, including civil and criminal cases, before any court or tribunal.
